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Scientific Working and Writing

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Organisational Issues

Session 1: 31. October 2025, 08 - 12 c.t.
Session 2: 21. November 2025, 08 - 12 c.t.
Session 3: 05. December 2025, 08 - 12 c.t.
Submission of short paper: 02. January 2026
Session 4: 16. January 2026, 08 - 14 c.t.

Objectives of the Module

Format: 3 sessions (4 hours each, each with 1,5 hrs content from us and then exercises with short presentations and discussions at the end) + 1 presentation session (6 hours)

Learning Objectives

Structure and write academic texts in a goal-oriented way
Develop research strategies, evaluate sources, and cite correctly
Understand differences between qualitative and quantitative research
Grasp the role of research paradigms and research methods
Use reference management tools (e.g., Zotero, Citavi, Mendely, EndNote) effectively
Build coherent arguments and a clear narrative thread in academic writing
Present results concisely in a short paper and oral presentation

Overview of Contents

Session 1 (4h) – Foundations, Writing Process & Research Logic

What defines academic work?
Contextualizing the research
Developing research gap, research objective and research questions
Qualitative vs. quantitative approaches: methods, data, strengths and limitations
Research paradigms and theoretical foundations: positivism, interpretivism, pragmatism, critical perspectives; how paradigms shape questions and methods
Structure of academic texts (introduction, theory, method, results, discussion)

Session 2 (4h) – Research, Sources, Reference Tools & Argumentation

Literature search and analysis: library catalogs, databases, keywords, screening relevant literature and extracting findings, etc.
Introduction to reference management tools (import, organize, apply citation styles)
Evaluating sources: scholarly vs. non-scholarly material
Citation techniques & avoiding plagiarism
Argumentation and textual coherence

Session 3 (4h) – Writing Style, Revision & Short Paper

Academic style: precision, clarity, objectivity
Style in qualitative vs. quantitative writing (e.g., reflection vs. statistical reporting)
Proper / ethical use of generative AI tools in paper writing
Revision: peer review and feedback cycles
Formatting according to academic standards (APA, MLA, IEEE, Chicago, etc.)

Session 4 (6h) – Short Paper Presentations

Student presentations (10 min + 10 min Q&A per group)
Group feedback and reflection: strengths & areas for improvement
Closing discussion: transferring skills to term papers, theses, or dissertations